zt：激活你潜在力量的六种心理策略

裂缝

以前读过这篇文章，今天偶然重温，依然觉得充满了真知灼见。
中文翻译不知道是谁，原文作者是Eric J. Horst，好几本攀岩训练书的作者，包括how to climb 5.12，training for climbing，他还设计了HIT训练法。有兴趣你可访问他的网站：
http://www.trainingforclimbing.com/html/about_tfc.shtml


“The biggest secret for better climbing is to love climbing unconditionally. Vow that any day of climbing is a great day regardless of the results, and you will usually get the results you desire.”



激活你潜在力量的六种心理策略
by Eric J. Horst
6 Mental WingsTM Strategies to Unlock Your Hidden Powers
(An excerpt from Eric's upcoming book, Training For Climbing, to be published in December 2002)

    The quickest way to enhance your performance in almost anything is to improve the quality of your thinking. This is definitely true in climbing whether you're working a high-ball boulder problem, sport route, multi-pitch traditional line, or alpine route. All performance operates from the inside-out--your beliefs, focus, emotions, and confidence form the foundation from which you will either succeed or fail.

    对大部份的事情而言，最快增加你表现的方式去，是加强你的思考品质。对攀岩而言也是如此，不论你是在练习抱石攀岩、运动攀登、多绳距传统攀登或阿尔卑斯式攀登。所有的成绩表现都是由内而外的 － 你的信念、专注、情绪及信心都是决定你成功或失败的基础。

    While off-season strength training and year-round technique training are paramount for progressing into the higher grades, during the climbing season your biggest breakthroughs will come from toning and flexing your mental muscle. To this end, I have outlined below six mental strategies and skills that will help elevate your performance and enjoyment.

    当攀岩淡季时，力量训练及整年的技术训练，其主要目的，是要推进到更高的攀岩程度，在整个攀岩季节里，你最大的突破，将来自增加及修正你的心智力量。为了这目的，我简述以下六种心智策略及技巧，那将有助于提升你的攀岩表现及乐趣。

    Practice them with the same dedication and resolve as you would a new strength training program, and you'll be pleasantly surprised with the results. Obtain the greatest payoff by applying these skills all the time, not just when you feel like it. For some, an almost instant breakthrough will follow on the rock, while others will need to persist and let these mental skills build to a critical value before they will produce a noticeable impact in your climbing. (This depends upon the current degree of "tone" or "atrophy" of your mental muscle.")

    练习它们，如同去执行一套体能训练计画一样，付出你的决心与意志，之后你将兴奋惊讶其结果。而想要得到最大的成效，需要随时应用这些技巧，而不只是在你想做时才去做。对于你某方面的表现几乎是立即性的产生影响，但某些部份，在尚未产生明显的改进之前将需要你的坚持与耐心，才能让这些心智技巧建立出关键的价值。(但这却有赖于你现有心智力量的强弱的程度)

    Recognize that these six mental training skills are interlaced and can produce a powerful synergy when all are in practice. In aggregate, they may produce an effect similar to unloading a 10-pound weight from your back that you have unknowingly been hauling up climbs. I call this using your "mental wings."

    要知道，这六种心智力量的训练技巧是相互关联的，当它们同时都被执行时，可以产生一股强大的增效作用。综合来说，它们可以产生一种类似从你的背上放下10磅的重量，让你不知不觉地往上爬。我称这个为使用你的心智翅膀。

    1. Separate your self-image from your performance.

    If you are reading this magazine, then climbing surely plays a major role in your life. Unfortunately, when your self-image is tied too strongly or singly to this role, it translates to an overwhelming need to perform perfectly every time in order to prove your worth in that role and, thus, as a person. The subsequent pressure can become stifling and is maybe the single greatest cause of frustration in this sport (or in any endeavor).

    Human beings perform best in a process-oriented, not outcome-oriented, frame of mind. Detaching your self-image from your climbing performance allows you to enjoy climbing regardless of the outcome. More importantly, it liberates you to try new things, take chances or, say, throw a dyno that might be required to get through a crux sequence. Bottom line: self-image detachment will reduce pressure and anxiety and, paradoxically, you'll climb better by not needing to!

    1. 将你的自我印像(认知)与你的表现分离

    如果你正在读这本杂志，那么攀岩在你的生活中一定扮演了重要的角色。不幸的是，当你过分重视或只重视自己在这角色，所呈现出的形象，这将转变成极大压力，使你在任何时间都必须有完美的表现，来证明你在这角色中的价值，甚至是你个人的价。这随之而来的压力会令人难以忍受，或许也会造成你在攀岩中最大挫折的来源 (甚至是对任何事)。

    人们有最好的表现往往是以过程导为向，而不是以结果为导向。分离你的自我印象与攀岩表现，可以使你享受攀岩的乐趣，无论结果如何。更重要的是，它可以释放你去尝试新的事物、勇于冒险或为了突破困难路线，你会敢尝试动态攀登。结论：将自我印象抽离将减少压力、焦虑及矛盾，你将爬得更好而不是勉强去做。

    2. Surround yourself with positive people.

    There is an aura or influence that surrounds each of us and its effects are based on our personality and attitude towards life and its events. Your thoughts and actions will affect the thoughts and actions of those around you, and vice versa. As I see it, there are three options-either climb alone, climb with upbeat and positive people, or climb with cynical and negative people. Why would you ever want to climb with the "complainers" out there? Their negative aura impacts your climbing and enjoyment whether you recognize it or not. Vow to either climb with positive individuals or by yourself-both can be hugely rewarding. However, if pushing your limits is the goal du jour, then take advantage of the synergy afforded to you by having creative, motivating and positive people on your side.

    2. 多与心态正面的人相处在一起

    有一种气息或影响力围绕着我们每一个人，它也影响着我们的人格和面对生活及问题的态度。你的想法及行动将影响你周围人的想法及行动，反过来说也是如此。正如我所看到的，这有三个选择，独攀、与正面乐观的人一起攀登或与负面悲观的人一起。你怎么可能会想要去跟爱抱怨的人一起攀登呢? 他们的负面态度，将会影响你攀登的乐趣与表现，不管你是否有注意到。要求自己在攀登时与正面思想的人在一起或自己也成俱正面思想的人，这将带给你极大的帮助。不论如何，如果推到极限是你的当前的目标，那么请藉由群体合作方式，使你有一群具有创造力、有活力、及正面思想的人在身边!

    3. Stretch your comfort zone.

    To improve in anything, your goals must exceed your current grasp and you must be willing to push beyond your comfort zone in your reach. In performing on the vertical plain, this means climbing onward despite mental and physical discomfort; it means challenging your fears head on by doing what you fear; it means attempting what looks impossible to you through your current set of "glasses." Through this process, you stretch the envelope to a new dimension and reshape your personal vision of what is possible.

    3. 扩展你的适应

    在你的能力所及的条件下，要改善任何事情，你的目标必需超出你现有的能力，同时必需愿意去扩展你的适应力，。当攀登在陡峭的路线上，这意味当你攀登向前时必须忽略心理及生理上的不确定感；也意味要挑战你眼前的恐惧；这方式是试图要看出，在你现有的眼界中什么是不可能的，也重新塑造你的视野，了解什么是可能的。

    4. Assess and proactively manage your risk.

    Climbing is an activity with obvious inherent risks, and the desire to climb harder requires taking additional risks. These risks can come in the form of obvious physical danger such as a potentially injurious fall or as invisible mental risks like opening yourself up to failure, criticism and embarrassment. It's interesting to note that for some climbers the physical danger feels more benign than the aforementioned mental dangers. Consider the climber who continues upward on a horrendously dangerous route he's not prepared for because he's afraid of being dissed by those standing safely on the ground!

    Make it your goal to always assess the range of possible risks before you ever start a climb. By objectively analyzing the risks ahead of time, you'll often be able to lower the risk of the climb (e.g. taking other gear or rigging a belay differently than you normally would) and, at the least, be aware and able to respond to the most critical risks as you climb.

    4.计算及预先评估管理你的风险

    攀岩是俱有危险的活动，同时在渴望攀登更难路线的需求下，更增加了风险。这些风险是很明显危险，如坠落危险或看不到的危险，像放任你自己忙于应付失败、批评及窘境。有一点相当价得去注意，一些攀登者比较能适应实体的危险，甚于先前提到的心智危险。想想攀岩者不断前进于危险的路线上，但他没有面对心理风险的准备，因为他们在安全的平地时就已害怕心理问题的存在！

    为完成你的目标，在攀登之前，经常去计算可能的风险范围。经由客观的分析预先提出风险，你将可降低攀登时的风险(例如去熟悉各种不同的确保方式)，同时在攀岩时能敏锐地察觉，同时能去面对，大部份突如其来的风险。

    5. Fortify your confidence.

    Your degree of self-confidence is primarily based on your self-image and the thoughts you hold minute-by-minute and day-by-day. Thoughts of falls or poor performance in the past and self-talk loaded with words like "I can't", "don't", "possibly", and "try", lower confidence and are the seeds of failure. Conversely, focusing on past successes by actually visualizing and feeling the process and exhilaration of positive action leads to tremendous feelings of confidence. Using visualization throughout the day, everyday, to re-live great events in your past--climbing and non-climbing--is the best way to reshape and fortify your self-confidence for success in all future endeavors.

    5. 巩固你的自信

    你的信心程度主要建立在，不停地掌握自我印象及想法。坠落的想法、过去不良的表现及自我对话时低度自信的用字，如我不能、不行、可能、试试看，将会种下失败的因子。相反的，专注在过去，真实可见的成功经验，同时，去感受过程及正面的情绪，正面情绪能引导出强大的自信。不论是在攀岩中及不攀岩时，经常利用想象，去重新经历你过去的生活大事，这方式是朝向成功的努力里，重新塑造及巩固你的自信的最好方式。

    6. Be happy regardless of situations and outcomes.

    Superior traits of all real winners is resilience to bad results and/or criticism, and unwavering belief that success will come with time, effort and patience. Attitude is the wild card in the "climbing performance equation" that can often compensate for what you are lacking in strength, technique or reach. I can't understate the importance of always having fun. We all get into climbing because we love the outdoor experience and the feeling of moving over stone, yet in time far too many climbers become Grinches (spoilsports) who have fun only when they are winning.

    6. 保有快乐不去在意你的现况及攀登结果

    所有真正最好的优胜者的特征，是在面对不好的成绩或批评时能很快恢复，同时不会动摇对付出时间、努力、耐心后成功将随之而来的信念。对于攀登表现而言，态度是如同一把万能钥匙，它可以辅助你在力量、技巧及伸展性的不足。我无法充分地说明经常保持愉快的重要性。我们学习攀岩，是因为我们热爱户外生活的经验及翻越岩石的感觉，但是在同时，太多攀登者变成气氛的破坏者，因为他们只有在赢得胜利时才会感到快乐。

    The biggest secret for better climbing is to love climbing unconditionally. Vow that any day of climbing is a great day regardless of the results, and you will usually get the results you desire.

    最好的攀岩者最大的秘密，是无条件地喜爱攀岩。任何攀岩日都是重要的日子，而不在乎结果，而且在你的强烈动机下总是可以得到你想要的结果。

    In my 25 years as a climber, perhaps the biggest breakthrough occurred when I realized that almost all the mental skills and strategies I learned through climbing could be applied to other areas in my life. (Read the first line of the 6 tips above--don't they all apply equally well to your non-climbing life?) I believe the process of climbing reveals the ultimate metaphors for life and, if you transfer the many lessons and mental skills to other areas of your life, you'll ignite breakthroughs there as well. I wish you the best on the rock and in your pursuit of your own personal Mount Everest!

    在我25年的攀岩者生涯中，最大的收获是，我经由学习攀岩体会到的心智技巧及策略，能将其经验应用在生活之中其它的领域。(阅读先前的六项技巧 – 他们不是同样可以用在非攀岩的环境之下吗？)我相信，攀岩过程展现隐藏在生命中的潜力，同时如果你转换你的训练方式及心智技巧，在你生活中的其它领域，你将获得更大的突破。但愿你在岩壁上有最好的表现同时攀登上你个人心中的圣母峰。